Bunkers Everywhere
One of Albania’s unique features is the bunkers scattered across nearly the entire country. They are a legacy of the nation's isolation in the second half of the 20th century, stemming from the paranoia of its dictatorial leader Enver Hoxha. Over four decades of his rule, Hoxha managed to alienate Albania from the rest of the communist bloc. Besides fearing an attack from Western countries, he also dreaded an invasion by neighbouring Yugoslavia or the Soviet Union. His fears only intensified after the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops – an event that prompted Albania to leave the pact in protest.
Hoxha established a national militia and summoned both men and women for military training, expecting everyone to defend the country in case of attack. The construction of small fortresses accelerated. By the mid-1970s, the country was said to have as many as 750,000 bunkers – roughly one for every three inhabitants. These bunkers are scattered across the country: on the coast, inland, and in the mountains, standing by roads or in gardens – some even in cemeteries.
